Thursday, August 27, 2020
Reform in government Essay
With regards to making change in government, lawmakers are customized to act in one unmistakable way. They need to prop up spending on government programs. The thought and winning idea on this is on the off chance that you toss enough cash at something, it will undoubtedly improve. This kind of reasoning is the thing that makes lawmakers add bunches of new projects to the agenda when in actuality, they have not yet set aside the effort to assess the accomplishment of progress of their effectively actualized programs. There are numerous reasons why this kind of thing may occur, however one of the most significant is on the grounds that, basically, there isn't sufficient opportunity to kick back and assess new projects. The idea, at any rate in the psyches of lawmakers, is that these projects take a couple of years to truly have an effect. This implies the positive or negative things related with another program won't be seen for a long time, so legislators don't feel that they can effectively assess it (USGovernmentspending. com). The answer for this issue is assess programs beginning further back before commiting to spend more cash on new government programs, however this isn't how lawmakers are customized. They are modified such that rewards open spending and new change. This is one thing that government officials can highlight when they run for re-appointment, so individuals will see that they are accomplishing something in Washington. Regardless of whether a program isn't fruitful in influencing change in the public arena, government officials can say that they were planning something all together for fix the issue, regardless of whether that something was counterproductive in nature.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Annabel Lee as a Representative of Poeââ¬â¢s Poems Essay Example for Free
Annabel Lee as a Representative of Poeââ¬â¢s Poems Essay Annabel Lee as an agent of Poeââ¬â¢s sonnets about death of wonderful ladies Its consistently somewhat difficult to isolate the life of the unbelievable Poe from his works. For this situation, there are some striking likenesses. ââ¬Å¾Annabel Leeââ¬Å" is the last total sonnet composed by Poe, distributed not long after his demise in 1849. In the same way as other of Poes sonnets including The Raven, Ulalume, and To One in Paradiseââ¬Å", it investigates the subject of the demise of a wonderful lady, ââ¬Å"the most poetical point on the planet, as indicated by Poe. Specifically, in spite of the fact that the sonnets verses have a to some degree sporadic length and structure, the rhyme conspire consistently underscores the three words me, Lee, and ocean, implementing the connected idea of these ideas inside the sonnet while giving the sonnet a tune like sound. The work shows Poes visit obsession with the Romantic picture of a delightful lady who has kicked the bucket too youthful suddenly. As demonstrated all the more completely in his short story The Oval Portrait, Poe regularly connected demise with the freezing and catching of excellence, and a considerable lot of his champions arrive at the apex of flawlessness on their deathbed. The storyteller, who began to look all starry eyed at Annabel Lee when they were youthful, holds his adoration for her much after her passing. A great many people concur that Edgar Allan Poe composed Annabel Lee about his left spouse, Virginia, who passed on of tuberculosis two years sooner. A few pundits, in any case, fight that in the seventh line of the sonnet he states, I was a youngster and she was a kid, and he surely was no kid in 1836 at twenty-seven when he wedded his thirteen-year-old lady. Possibly the sonnet is about a previous love, or maybe it is absolutely anecdotal, however tending to Annabel Lee as his life and his lady of the hour in line thirty-eight and composing it two years after his darling youthful wifes demise, it appears to be just coherent that it is in reality expounded on her and is basically weaved with a touch of wonderful permit. Nearby legend in Charleston, South Carolina recounts to the tale of a mariner who met a lady named Annabel Lee. Her dad obje cted to the blending and the two met secretly in a memorial park before the mariners time positioned in Charleston was up. While away, he knew about Annabels demise from yellow fever, yet her dad would not permit him at the burial service. Since he didn't have any acquaintance with her careful entombment area, he rather kept vigil in the graveyard where they had frequently furtively met. There is no proof that Edgar Allan Poe had known about this legend, however some demand it was his motivation. The sonnet centers around a perfect love which is strangely solid. Truth be told, the storytellers activities show that he cherishes Annabel Lee, however he adores her, something he can just do after her demise. The sonnet explicitly specifies the young people of the anonymous storyteller and particularly of Annabel Lee, and it praises youngster like feelings in a manner reliable with the standards of the Romantic time. Numerous Romantics from the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years saw adulthood as a defilement of the cleaner impulses of youth, and they favored nature to society since they believed it to be a superior and increasingly instinctual state. As needs be, Poe treats the storytellers youth love for Annabel Lee as more full and more endless than the affection for grown-ups. Annabel Lee is delicate and constant in her adoration, and she has no unpredictable feelings. He clarifies that blessed messengers killed her. His reiteration of this declaration proposes he is attempting to support his own unnecessary sentiments of misfortune. In Annabel Lee the speaker contends in lines eleven and twelve that the blessed messengers were desirous of the cheerful couple: the winged seraphs of paradise pined for her and me. The desirous blessed messengers, he demands, made the breeze cool his lady of the hour and hold onto her life. Be that as it may, he battles, their affection, more grounded than the adoration for the more established or more astute couples, can never be vanquished: And neither the points in paradise above, Nor the evil presences down under the ocean, Can ever dissever my spirit from the spirit Of the excellent Annabel Lee. (lines 33-36) In contrast to The Raven, in which the storyteller accepts he will nevermore be brought together with his adoration, Annabel Lee says the two will be together again, as not even devils can ever dissever their spirits. The first occasion when that passing gets referenced in the sonnet: A breeze extinguished of a cloud, cooling My lovely Annabel Lee; (lines 15-16) The speaker doesnt state she kicked the bucket. As a matter of fact, he never utilizes the word passing in this sonnet by any means. The speaker keeps up that this universe of dream stays significantly after the demise of his lady of the hour: For the moon never pillars without bringing me dreams Of the wonderful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise yet I feel according to the lovely Annabel Lee (33-6). The sonnets setting has a few Gothic components, as the realm by the ocean is forlorn and in an unclear however puzzling area. Poe doesn't portray the setting with any explicitness, and he weaves a cloudy, sentimental climate around the realm until he finishes by offering the serious and awful picture of a tomb there by the ocean. Simultaneously, the nostalgic tone and the Gothic foundation serve to rehash the picture of an adoration that outlives all pposition, from the otherworldly desire of the heavenly attendants to the physical boundary of death. Despite the fact that Annabel Lee has passed on, the storyteller can at present observe her brilliant eyes, a picture of her spirit and of the flash of life that gives a guarantee of a future gathering between the two sweethearts. The picture conjured by this sonnet is of suffering affection. Both this everlasting affection and the finish of the sonnet leave the speaker lying on the grave of his left spouse: And along these lines, all the night-tide, I rests by the side Of my sweetheart my dear my life and my lady of the hour, In the tomb there by the ocean, In her tomb by the sounding ocean (37-41). As on account of various Poes male heroes who grieve the unexpected passing of darling ladies, the affection for storyteller of Annabel Lee goes past straightforward worship to an increasingly unusual connection. While Annabel Lee appears to have cherished him in a basic, if nonsexual, way, the hero has intellectually sacrosanct her. He accuses everybody except himself for her demise, pointing at the trick of holy messengers with nature and at the demonstration of paternalism intrinsic in her aristocratic family who came and bore her away, and he stays subordinate upon her memory. While the storyteller of the sonnet Ulalume experiences an oblivious need to lament and to come back to Ulalumes grave, the storyteller of Annabel Lee picks amusingly to rests and rest close to a lady who is herself resting by the ocean. Refferences: A History of American Literature: Then and Now, Radojka Vukcevic, Podgorica, 2005 The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, altered by Kevin J. Hayes. Cambridge University Press, 2002
Friday, August 21, 2020
How to Make Money With EBooks by Using Social Issues
How to Make Money With EBooks by Using Social IssuesTo make money with eBooks, you can use the topic of social issues to your advantage. The reason is that when a person has an interest in some social issue, they are more apt to read your e-book. This is why it is always good to use the topic of social issues in your e-book.For example, a person might want to buy your e-book on child rearing because they want to learn how to be a better parent. If they have an interest in the topic of child rearing, they will be more likely to purchase your book.A person might buy an e-book on personal life or business life because they want to make money. It doesn't matter what the reader's interests are, they will be more likely to buy your book if they have an interest in the topic. For example, if a woman is looking for a new job, she will be more apt to buy your book on new business opportunities if she has an interest in this topic.One way to ensure that your e-book does well is to write about something that is already out there. You don't have to create something brand new just for your e-book. You can use your existing expertise to help people write their own e-books if they are already interested in the topic of the e-book.For example, let's say that you are writing an e-book on personal life. You can use this knowledge to help people write their own e-book about life issues. This gives you a great opportunity to get a lot of people who are interested in the topic of personal life, reading your e-book and getting a lot of people who aren't even interested in the topic to read your e-book.The only way to do this is to write about something that is already available. This means that it can work for your personal life and your business life as well. The difference between your personal life and your business life may not be that big so this method should work for both.Another thing to keep in mind when you are writing about social issues is that the readers that you attra ct should be those who are interested in the topic but who don't necessarily read the e-book because they don't want to buy it. These people may want to know what you have to say, but they won't necessarily purchase your e-book.The problem with this strategy is that the more you write about a certain topic, the more you may want to write about it in future e-books. If you write too much about a particular topic, people will get bored and will find it difficult to go back to your website. Instead, you should choose a topic of social issues and write about this topic in your e-book.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Crime Law Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3846 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Tags: Crime Essay Did you like this example? The approach within this assignment will firstly review the failings of both Fred Churchill (Contractors) Ltd for the unlawful depositing of waste around the city of Nottingham together with the incident which relates to Brockwell and the pollution of the river Trent. Both cases will be reviewed as under s85 of the Water Resources Act 1991 (the Act). Finally a review of mitigation circumstances with a review of sentences may be appropriate in respect of any guilty parties who could be convicted. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Crime Law Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order Section 85 of the Act identifies the fact that every person not to cause or knowingly permit polluting substances1 to enter in to a controlled Water. This source is a statutory obligation and is not found in the law of tort. If a company permits an operation on his land which could give rise to pollution then a risk assessment must be completed in order not to fall foul of s85 of the Act2. Section 85 relates to the keeping of streams free from pollution for the benefit of mankind including flora and fauna. Most significant acts of pollution will arise out of agricultural, commercial or industrial activities. 1 This terminology is not identified with the 1991 Act, for terminologies relating to poisonous noxious and polluting in relation to s85 these may be located within National Rivers Authority v. Biffa Waste Services Ltd [1996] Env LR 227 DC and R v. Dovermoss [1995] Env LR 258 CA (Crim Div). 2 Express Ltd v. Environment Agency [2005] 1 WLR 223 at [24] DC The damage caused by such pollution may take years to repair and often costs for the clean up process that can run in to millions of pounds. The act of pollution may or may not be a result of negligence and can be caused by a person such as a workman, fitter in a fairly low position of the company. Brockwell is similar to the case of Empress Car Co (Abertillery) Ltd v. National Rivers Authority [1998]2a, as within Empress, the first point to emphasise is that common sense answers to questions of causation will differ according to the purpose for which the question is asked. Questions of causation often arise for the purpose of attributing responsibility to someone, for example, so as to blame him / her for something which has happened or to make him / her guilty of an offence or liable in damages. In such cases, the answer will depend upon the rule by which the responsibility is being attributed. Since Empress, s85 cases that have come before the Court of Appeal have involved other issue s rather than the causing offence, some cases have been brought to the Court of Appeal in relation to the level of fine imposed and who was actually criminally liable for the s85 breach. Therefore it is important within Brockwell to identify a suitable level of fine or imprisonment. 2a Empress Car Co (Abertillery) Ltd v. National Rivers Authority [1998] 2 WLR 350; [1998] UKHL 5; [1999] 2 AC 22; [1998] 1 All ER 481. Where Lord Hoffman gave the leading judgement of the Court in which he laid down five key guides for judges and magistrates who might be faced with determining the question of who or what had caused a water pollution incident. A diesel tank within a yard controlled by the company drained in to a nearby river. The tank was surrounded by a bund, but this protection was breached by a pipe to a drum outside the bund. When someone opened the diesel tap, fuel flowed in to the drum which overflowed causing the pollution. It was held that whether a defendant caused an escap e in to a river was not defeated by an additional intervening cause. The question was, had an act been done and did it contribute foreseeably to the escape. Acts of third parties and natural events are not defences to the strict criminal liability imposed by section 85(1) of the Act, for polluting controlled waters unless they are really exceptional events. The court discouraged too mechanical, an approach to causation. Wolf and Stanley on Environmental Law, Routledge, 5th edition, 2011, pg 148. Water Resources Act 1991 s85 S85 of the Water Resources Act 1991 (the Act) indicates Civil penalties that may assist in a more effective regulation system and this is likely to be used in areas such as illegal waste disposal. In the area of water pollution there are many grounds for assuming that the importance of criminal prosecutions is set to continue. The Environment Agency has published a detailed prosecution code3, whereas, generally the Agency issues a low level set of fines, therefore it is unusual for custodial sentences to be used. The use of custodial sentences for environmental harm applies when it is a repeated or blatant offence and where in a public place the offence is such as to subject the public to hazardous substances as in R v OBrien and Enkel4 or even community orders for polluters as in Environment Agency v UCE Ltd (Ipswich Magistrates Court June 2010)5. This gives rise to the need to consider each case on its own merit rather than using the sentencing advisory panels advice. 3 Env ironment Agency guidance for the enforcement and prosecution policy https://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/regulation/31851.aspx 4 R v OBrien and Enkel [2000] Env LR 156 where illegally storing waste tyres at an unlicensed site gave rise to an eight month prison sentence for OBrian. On appeal the Court of Appeal quashed the sentence as it was regarded to be too excessive. 5 Environment Agency v UCE Ltd (Ipswich Magistrates Court June 2010) in 2008, A trail of blue-black liquid in Flowton Brook and Belstead Brook, Ipswich, in a series of incidents led Environment Agency officers to an illegal waste site run by Paul Arthur Fenton. They found mixed waste and liquid waste being stored without environmental permits and signs that some waste had been burned nearby. Ipswich Magistrates Court issued a community order requiring Fenton to undertake 240 hours unpaid work and ordered him to pay à £8,000 towards Environment Agency costs for breaches of the Water Resources Act, Environmental Permitting Regulations and Environmental Protection Act. https://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/news/117824.aspx accessed June 2010. There is evidence that Brockwell were negligent in their operation through the actions of their employees and it is not uncommon for the environment agency to proceed with a prosecution for both s85(1) and 85(3) offences, on the proviso that elements of the case can be established. Within the case of Fred Churchill (Construction) there is a breach of Environmental Protection Act 19906 although not a breach of s85 of the Act, as there is insufficient evidence that the illegal dumping of the removed substance leached or could have leached in to the River Trent. Areas to be considered within the case of Brockwell Who will prosecute? The case of Brockwell will be subject to the Environment Agency (the Agency) bringing a prosecution with respect to s85(1) of the Act for a water pollution incident. Exercising its prosecutable discretion7 the Agency will likely take in to account several factors, which include the seriousness of the incident and any past polluting records from the polluter. 6 Environmental Protection Act 1990 7 Discretion to Prosecute and Judicial Review Hilson, [1993] Crim LR 739 Another area to be considered is the deterrent effect of a prosecution for both would be polluters and the actual polluter. The Environment Agencys Enforcement and Prosecution Policy8 clarifies that a prosecution will be perused when an evidence test is satisfied and that a prosecution is in the public interest. Therefore foreseeability is a relevant factor when the Agency is using its common sense to decide whether an individual caused a polluting event, as in NRA v. Wright Engineering Co. Ltd [1994]9 and Al phacell Ltd v. Woodward [1972]10. The importance as to the protection of the environment is demonstrated within Cambridge Water Co v. Eastern Counties Leather Plc. [1994]11. Therefore in the context of the Brockwell case, the common sense causation is that Brockwell caused the pollution, although it was through the act of a third party (an employee) and therefore the company is liable for a prosecution under s85(1) of the Act. Alternatively there are cases where the duty of the causation rule to take precautions to prevent loss caused by third parties as identified within Stansbie v. Troman [1948]12. The example of Stansbie demonstrates that a common sense answer to the question of causation for the purpose of attributing responsibility under the same rule without knowing such rule cannot be given. 8 Environment Agency Enforcement and Prosecution Policy (November 1998) 9 NRA v. Wright Engineering Co. Ltd [1994] 4 All ER 281 10 Alphacell Ltd v. Woodward [1972] AC 824, 847 a-b 11 Cambridge Water Co v. Eastern Counties Leather Plc. [1994] 2 AC 264, 305f 12 Stansbie v. Troman [1948] 2 KB 48 Therefore is the duty of a s85(1) prosecution includes a responsibility for acts of third parties. It is clear that the liability identified within the Act is strict and therefore it does not require mens rea in the sense of intention or negligence, the offence within this case is that of public nuisance as in Alphacell Ltd v. Woodward. Nuisance Is an interference with an occupiers use or enjoyment of land where there has been substantial injury to property or personal discomfort. This is evident within the Brockwell case, as there is evidence of death fish; this would quite possibly cause a nuisance for the local angling population and therefore should be taken in to consideration when summing up of the case is commenced. The Hoffmann Test Causation Within Empress, Lord Hoffmann attempted to encapsulate the law on causation, by providing magistrates guidance on s85 prosecutions therefore being able to forestall13 any likelihood of future appeals. The true common sense distinction14 which Lord Hoffmann made between causation and breaking the chain of causation by the defendants acts, omissions or polluting event has been applied to several cases and would be applied in this instance within the case of Brockwell. 13 Journal of Planning and Environment N Parpworth Law 2009, Who may be liable for an offence contrary to s85 of the Water Resources Act 1991 14 Empress [1998] 1 All ER 481 at 491 HL Causation The meaning causation is well defined within the House of Lords decision in Alphacell Ltd v. Woodward [1972] and within Empress Car Company (Abertillery) Ltd v. NRA [1998]. The test within the Alphacell decision relates to the simple decision on causation and requires that the defendant simply carries on with an activity which causes a pollution incident. The courts have repeatedly indicated that the notion of causing is one of common sense. The decision and subsequent judgement from Lord Hoffman in Empress will be relevant to the proceedings within this case as Lord Hoffman laid down five key guides for magistrates and judges to follow. Firstly that the court should require that the prosecution identify what the defendant has done to cause the pollution. Secondly that the prosecution need not prove that the defendants actions caused the immediate pollution, If it is then established that the defendant did do something, it is then up to the court to decide that the defe ndant did do something to cause the pollution. The defendant did something which produced a pollution event by the efforts of a third party. The decision would also take into account whether the pollution act was a normal event or something extraordinary, for example an act by a third party or by a natural event. If the matter concerned an ordinary occurrence, then a break of the chain of causation would not occur and the defendant would be liable for causing the pollution. Only abnormal or extraordinary events can break the causation chain15. The chain of causation is evident, as Brockwells employees ignored systems and procedures for the disposal of a chemical by pouring the chemical in to a sluice gate, which flowed in to the controlled water. This would indicate that the companies procedural and employee training systems were not well controlled; therefore the company is negligent within its actions. Additionally within Brockwell there appears to be no abnormal or ex traordinary events that would have caused the break of the chain of causation. Negligence Water pollution is subject to Strict Liability under Common Law, this means that it is irrelevant if the defendant intended to cause the pollution incident. Liabilities for the pollution of groundwater may give rise to an action for negligence or nuisance as in Rylands v. Fletcher LR16, where negligence arises from a failure to exercise the care demand in the circumstances, as a plaintiff must show that he is owed a duty of care, that the duty has been breached and that any harm suffered is due to the breach that the plaintiff is owed. 15 Environmental Law Wolf and Stanley, Cavendish, 4th Edition, Chapter 4 p 141 16 Rylands v. Fletcher [1868] LR 3 HL 330 [1861 73] All ER Damages may be awarded upon proof that the harm caused was foreseeable by the defendant. Negligence would be placed upon Brockwell as the employees poured the chemical in to the sluice rather than disposing of the chemical correctly as per the companys operational guidelines. Rylands Rule The rule in Rylands v. Fletcher is where the land owner is strictly liable for the consequences of escapes from his property and where the land owner is engaged in a non-natural use of his land. Discussion of how the three points within Rylands apply in cases involving water pollution may be found in the land mark decision of the House of Lords in Cambridge Water Co Ltd v. Eastern Counties Leather Plc [1994]16a. This case is likely to have significant impacts in the future development of the law in this area for some considerable time and would be considered within the case of Brockwell. Acts of third parties including vicarious liability There is a well established principle within the law of tort that an employer is vicariously liable for the omissions or acts of his / her employees which is committed during the course of their employment. 16aCambridge Water Co Ltd v. Eastern Counties Leather Plc [1994] 2AC 64 Within a criminal context vicarious liability may be found and where it does exist it will be identifiable through the words of an offence creating provision. As within s85 (1) of the Act vicarious criminal liability can be imposed, although the Act does not expressly impose vicarious liability, as in National River Authority v. Alfred McAlpine Homes East Ltd[1994]17. In the event of substances that escape and pollute controlled waters from a companys premises, the company cannot escape a conviction for causing a water pollution event by blaming one of its employees who was the cause of the pollution (on proviso that the employee was acting within the terms of their employment something that will b e raised within the BP oil spill within the Gulf of Mexico). Criminal offences may be divided in to those that require full mens rea and that of strict liability. The definition of strict liability offences is where mens rea is not required in relation to one or even more elements of actus reus. The defendant company will be held vicarious liable for the acts and omissions from its employees, as identified within NRA v. McAlpine Homes East Ltd [1994], where it was identified that it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that the managers who control the company were directly involved in the incident. 17 National River Authority v. Alfred McAlpine Homes East Ltd[1994] 4 All ER 286 QBD Knowingly permitting It is accepted that it is necessary to prove knowledge as to the circumstances of actus reus. S85(1) and s85(3) of the Act identify offences where actions of companies knowingly permitted pollution to controlled waterways. Liability for a companys knowledge of knowingly permitting is identified within the Act yet it still fails to prevent the action. As it is necessary to establish that the defendant knew about the water pollution, this offence is not an offence of strict liability as identified within Schulmans Inc v. NRA [1993]18. The case Price v. Cormack [1975]19 offers a useful insight into an offence of knowingly permitting. Discharge S 85 (3) of the Act identifies the term of discharge the identification is more restricted than that of the identification of the entry20 term. The terminology discharge is identifiable with the entry into controlled water by way of means of a pipe, channel or conduit, a substance that pollutes such a water course. It is not known as if Brockwell holds a discharge consent order, if they had then the subsequent pouring of the chemical in to the sluice would have constituted a breach of such an order which would constitute a breach of strict liability. 18 Schulmans Inc v. NRA [1993] Env LR Div 19 Price v. Cormack [1975] 1 WLR 988 20 Entry is identified within s85(1) and refers to a wide range of scenarios in which polling matter enters controlled waters. The term covers situations where polluting matter is deliberately introduced within controlled water. Each occasion a breach is identified a s85(6) offence is committed, although if the breach is minor then the Environ ment Agency is unlikely to prosecute as in Seven Trent Water Authority v. Express Foods Group Ltd [1988]21. Mitigating circumstances Whilst it is evident that Brockwell did in fact cause a pollution event in to a controlled waterway, the fact remains that the employees who created the pollution act for the company have been identified and corrective actions have been initiated. These facts should be considered when sentencing is summed up. If this was the first pollution case for Brockwell, then sentencing should reflect this on off incident. Although if this a subsequent case, then sentencing should reflect a continual failing to control polluting substances therefore issuing a stiffer penalty not exceeding the sentencing guidelines as in s85(6 a,b)22 similar to Robertson v. Dean Foods Ltd Sheriff Court (Tayside, Central and Fife) (Kirkcaldy) [2010]23, a small price for polluting the environment. 21 Severn Trent Water Authority v. Express Foods Group Ltd [1988] 22 On a summary conviction, which is either imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months, or a fine not exceeding à £20,000 or both, wit h the term of imprisonment not exceeding two years. 23 Robertson v. Dean Foods Ltd Sheriff Court (Tayside, Central and Fife) (Kirkcaldy) [2010] GWD 8-139. SEPA officers were alerted to a problem following a call on 19 July 2008 to SEPAs 24 hour pollution hotline, and on attending the officers saw dead fish, including trout, eels, minnows and sticklebacks. The source was narrowed down to a discharge point downstream of Redford Bridge. These deaths may have affected fish stocks for some time, as mature sea trout that would have spawned in the autumn were killed, having an impact far wider than the number of dead fish seen at the time. The exact charge D pled guilty to was on a controlled activity, namely an activity liable to cause pollution of the water environment in that he did discharge chicken slurry into the surface drain at Sheep Pens via the railway drain without the authority of an authorisation under the after-mentioned Regulations; contrary to the Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2005 Regulation 5 and 40(1)(a) and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 Section 20(3)(a). D was fined à £3,750 Sentencing The area of criminal litigation within the field of environmental litigation is ready for a review24 as the case of Environment Agency v UCE Ltd [2010] where 240 hours of community order were issued and a fine of à £8,000. Even from this case there is evidence that we are still using an antiquated 19th century legal system rather than a 21st century one25. At present any fines which are raised against a defendant go directly in to the treasury and not back in to the benefit of the environment. As indicated by the UCE case fines are small and sentences even smaller. Similarly within R V. Milford Haven Port Authority [2000]26 where Lord Bingham LJ did not feel that he could do more than draw attention to the factors which were relevant to sentence. Within R. v. Anglian Water Services Ltd27 a case where pollutants killed fish where as a river was polluted over two kilometres and serious damage was done to the wildlife and fish that lived in it. The case had been committed to th e Crown Court due to the magistrates declining jurisdiction. 24 Environmental Law, D, Hughes, T, Jewell, N, Parpworth, P, Prez, Butterworths, 4th Edition 2002 p 48 25 Environmental Law, D, Hughes, et al p 48 26 R v. Milford Haven Port Authority [2000] JPL 943 27 R. v Anglian Water Services Ltd Court of Appeal [2003] EWCA Crim 2243; [2004] 1 Cr. App. R. (S.) 62; [2004] Env. L.R. 10; [2004] J.P.L. 458; (2003) 147 S.J.L.B. 993; Times, August 18, 2003; The court had found that Anglian Water was grossly irresponsible in its failure to have a safety system in operation. Anglian water contested that the Act was not a criminal one since s85(3) did not require mens rea. Interestingly Anglian water submitted that there was no causative culpability and that a high fine would impact upon investment. It was held by the court allowing the appeal that the original fine was manifestly excessive for a single offence and was reduced to à £60,000. The offence was a strict liability offence whereas cases had to be considered on their merits. Anglian water had acted promptly to limit the damage and made sure measures were taken to prevent a recurrence. Additionally Anglian Water had pleaded guilty and there was no question of Anglian Water having deliberately cut corners to save costs. However, the fine had to be at a level to make an impact on the company to overcome any suggestions that it was cheaper to pay fines than undertake any work that was necessary to prevent the offence in the first place. In this case the magistrates appeared to have been correct to refuse jurisdiction and they should always do so if they thought an offence under s 85 may warrant a fine in excess of à £20,000. Conclusion If the object of Criminal Law is to prevent the occurrence of damaging actions which affect society, then it would be non productive for the Courts to turn a blind eye to cases which are caused by accidents, carelessness or negligence. The question of motivation of Brockwells employees is in the first instance, irrelevant28. Brockwells management admitted liability for the acts of its employees and by using the Anglian Water case against the scenario of Brockwell there would appear to be a similarity. Brockwell indicated admittance to their act, the question would be as to what size is the polluting company and therefore how large would the fine be. Taking in to account the Anglia Water case it would appear that the amount could be not in excess of à £20,000 and more within the region of around à £3,000 to à £5,000. Within the case of Fred Churchill (Construction) as previously mentioned there is a breach of Environmental Protection Act 1990 and not a breach of s85 of the Act. Within the information provided there is insufficient evidence that the illegal dumping of the removed substance leached or could have leached in to the River Trent. 28 B Wootton, Crime and Criminal Law 2nd Edition, London, Sweet and Maxwell 1981 at 47 Therefore with respect to the Act, there would be no case to bring against Churchill (Construction). Will it ever be satisfactory for environmental law to be dependable on guidelines developed for another area of law29? 29 Wasa International Insurance Co Ltd v. Lexington Insurance Co [2009] HL 40
Friday, May 15, 2020
How to Use Sentence Fragments Effectively
Most writing handbooks insist that incomplete sentences--or fragments--are errors that need to be corrected. As Toby Fulwiler and Alan Hayakawa say in The Blair Handbook (Prentice Hall, 2003), The problem with a fragment is its incompleteness. A sentence expresses a complete idea, but a fragment neglects to tell the reader either what it is about (the subject) or what happened (the verb) (p. 464). In formal writing, the proscription against using fragments often makes good sense. But not always. In both fiction and nonfiction, the sentence fragment may be used deliberately to create a variety of powerful effects. Fragments of Thought Midway through J. M. Coetzees novel Disgrace (Secker Warburg, 1999), the main character experiences shock as the result of a brutal attack at his daughters house. After the intruders leave, he attempts to come to terms with what has just occurred: It happens every day, every hour, every minute, he tells himself, in every quarter of the country. Count yourself lucky to have escaped with your life. Count yourself lucky not to be a prisoner in the car at this moment, speeding away, or at the bottom of a donga with a bullet in your head. Count Lucy lucky too. Above all Lucy.A risk to own anything: a car, a pair of shoes, a packet of cigarettes. Not enough to go around, not enough cars, shoes, cigarettes. Too many people, too few things. What there is must go into circulation, so that everyone can have a chance to be happy for a day. That is the theory; hold to this theory and to the comforts of theory. Not human evil, just a vast circulatory system, to whose workings pity and terror are irrelevant. That is how one must see life in this country: in its schematic aspect. Otherwise one could go mad. Cars, shoes; women too. There must be some niche in the system for women and what happens to them. reflect the characters efforts to make sense of the harsh, disruptive experience. The sense of incompleteness conveyed by the fragments is deliberate and quite effective. Narrative and Descriptive Fragments In Charles Dickenss The Pickwick Papers (1837), rascally Alfred Jingle tells a macabre tale that today would probably be labeled an urban legend. Jingle relates the anecdote in a curiously fragmented fashion: Heads, heads--take care of your heads! cried the loquacious stranger, as they came out under the low archway, which in those days formed the entrance to the coach-yard. Terrible place--dangerous work--other day--five children--mother--tall lady, eating sandwiches--forgot the arch--crash--knock--children look round--mothers head off--sandwich in her hand--no mouth to put it in--head of a family off--shocking, shocking! Jingles narrative style calls to mind the famous opening of Bleak House (1853), in which Dickens devotes three paragraphs to an impressionistic description of a London fog: fog in the stem and bowl of the afternoon pipe of the wrathful skipper, down in his close cabin; fog cruelly pinching the toes and fingers of his shivering little prentice boy on deck. In both passages, the writer is more concerned with conveying sensations and creating a mood than in completing a thought grammatically. The Series of Illustrative Fragments Pale druggists in remote towns of the Epworth League and flannel nightgown belts, endlessly wrapping up bottles of Peruna. . . . Women hidden away in the damp kitchens of unpainted houses along the railroad tracks, frying tough beefsteaks. . . . Lime and cement dealers being initiated into the Knights of Pythias, the Red Men or the Woodmen of the World. . . . Watchmen at lonely railroad crossings in Iowa, hoping that theyll be able to get off to hear the United Brethren evangelist preach. . . . Ticket-sellers in the subway, breathing sweat in its gaseous form. . . . Farmers plowing sterile fields behind sad meditative horses, both suffering from the bites of insects. . . . Grocery-clerks trying to make assignations with soapy servant girls. . . . Women confined for the ninth or tenth time, wondering helplessly what it is all about. . . . Methodist preachers retired after forty years of service in the trenches of God, upon pensions of $600 a year. Collected rather than connected, such brief fragmented examples offer snapshots of sadness and disappointment. Fragments and Crots Different as these passages are, they illustrate a common point: fragments arent inherently bad. Though a strictly prescriptive grammarian might insist that all fragments are demons waiting to be exorcised, professional writers have looked more kindly on these ragged bits and pieces of prose. And they have found some imaginative ways to use fragments effectively. Over 30 years ago, in An Alternate Style: Options in Composition (now out of print), Winston Weathers made a strong case for going beyond strict definitions of correctness when teaching writing. Students should be exposed to a wide range of styles, he argued, including the variegated, discontinuous, fragmented forms used to great effect by Coetzee, Dickens, Mencken, and countless other writers. Perhaps because fragment is so commonly equated with error, Weathers reintroduced the term crot, an archaic word for bit, to characterize this deliberately chopped-up form.The language of lists, advertising, blogs, text messages. An increasingly common style. Like any device, often overworked. Sometimes inappropriately applied. So this isnt a celebration of all fragments. Incomplete sentences that bore, distract, or confuse readers should be corrected. But there are moments, whether under the archway or at a lonely railroad crossing, when fragments (or crots or verbless sentences) work just fine. Indeed, better than fine. Also see: In Defense of Fragments, Crots, and Verbless Sentences.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Emotional Intelligence Of Leaders - 1845 Words
The Emotional Intelligence of Leaders In his 1998 article ââ¬Å"The Emotional Intelligence of Leaders,â⬠Daniel Goleman presented an argument for public and private sector leaders to consider the merits of emotional intelligence in leadership for the purpose of creating a cohesive work environment. For Goleman, emotional intelligence is the ability to understand feelings both within onesââ¬â¢ self and others, understanding the impact emotions have on others and leveraging this knowledge to assist others and create a positive environment. Therefore, this form of intelligence, in conjunction with innate intelligence, Goleman advised, is required to make an effective leader. Goleman set the stage for his discussion with an example of intrinsic emotional intelligence qualities by having described how a bystander stepped in to help a person in need. This offer of assistance was the essence of Golemanââ¬â¢s (1998) discussion, as the bystander ââ¬Å". . . showed both the qualities of leadership and the qualities of the heart . . .â⬠(p. 20). For Goleman, it was apparent that anyone in a position of command was born with a higher level of intelligence, the IQ. However, possessing such higher level intelligence is not indicative of possession of emotional intelligence. Furthermore, Goleman advised, a leader should possess the ability to build and maintain support from subordinates in order to advance. The basis for emotional intelligence begins in the structure of the brain. Goleman explained theShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence : A Leader And A Nurse1363 Words à |à 6 Pagesnatural leader. Even as a kid, he had a sort of charisma about him that drew others to follow him. His natural ability to positively affect the people around him and gain their support has always been something that I have admired. Jubeââ¬â¢s emotional intelligence makes him a great leader. At times, I have been jealous that same emotional intelligence does not come quite so naturally to me, particularly as I move forward in my career in the nursing field. Even though emotional intelligence may takeRead MoreEmotional Intelligence : Being A Leader2034 Words à |à 9 PagesEmotional Intelligence Being a leader is a gift, something that is hard to learn and many people are more predisposed to be a leader than others. People that are natural leaders, very often have this sort of charisma that draws others to follow them. A good example of a wonderful religious leader in my opinion would be John Paul II. Ever since John Paul was a kid he has had this natural ability to positively affect people around him. Moreover, John Paulââ¬â¢s emotional intelligence made him even aRead MoreEmotional Intelligence : An Effective Leader1322 Words à |à 6 Pages1. Leadership: the ability to inspire, influence, and motivate oneself and others interpersonally and energetically. Leaders inspire greatness within themselves and each person he/she engages ââ¬â daily. Leadership is a way of life, a vector, a learned behavior to sharpen through challenges, opportunities, relationships, and experiences. Leadership is not a destination; it is a journey of self-mastery and self-actualization. Th e moment we stop learning, we have failed ourselves and those in our circleRead MoreEmotional Intelligence : Being A Leader1837 Words à |à 8 PagesEmotional Intelligence Being a leader is a gift; something that is hard to learn, and something that many people are more predisposed to be than others. A good example of a wonderful religious leader, in my opinion, would be John Paul II. Ever since John Paul was a child he had a natural ability to affect people around him in a positive way. Moreover, the Popeââ¬â¢s emotional intelligence made him and even better religious leader because it allowed him not only to reason more effectively, but to beRead MoreEmotional Intelligence : An Effective Leader Needs Essay741 Words à |à 3 PagesAccording to Dictionary.com, emotional intelligence is defined as ââ¬Å"skill in perceiving, understanding, and managing emotions and feelingsâ⬠(dictionary.com). The definition developed by Peter Salovey and John Mayer indicate ââ¬Å"Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflecti vely regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growthâ⬠(Mayer Salovey, 1997)Read MoreEmotional Intelligence Of Leaders By Daniel Goleman1322 Words à |à 6 Pages In Daniel Golemanââ¬â¢s article, ââ¬Å"The emotional intelligence of leaders,â⬠he asserts that emotional intelligence not rational intelligence is what distinguishes exceptional leaders from average leaders. Biologically speaking, feelings and emotions developed in the limbic system before the development of rational thought in the cerebral cortex. Emotional intelligence involves the balance and synergy between the emotional and rational centers of the human brain. Goleman, a psychologist who has writtenRead MoreLeadership And Emotional Intelligence : An Effective Leader1390 Words à |à 6 PagesLeadership and Emotional Intelligence: An effective leader is defined as a person who is followed by the others, in other words ââ¬Å"leadership is a process of influencing others to achieve organizational goals, creating a vision for others and having the power to translate the vision into realism.â⬠Leadership is a skill in which the leader tries to modify and shape the behavior of others. It has been understood throughout the history and culture that people had been looking towards leaders for assuranceRead MoreThe Effects of Leader and Follower Emotional Intelligence7577 Words à |à 31 Pagesââ¬â 274 The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study Chi-Sum Wonga,*, Kenneth S. Lawb,1 a Department of Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China b Department of Management of Organizations, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China Abstract Recently, increasing numbers of scholars have argued that emotional intelligence (EI) is a core variableRead MoreEffective Leaders Need Emotional And Social Intelligence979 Words à |à 4 Pages1. Refer to Ex. 2.5 below (and in text). You might also refer to the ppt. slides. Effective leaders need emotional and social intelligence to be aware of their impact on subordinates. a. Give an example of a leader who created an ââ¬Å"out groupâ⬠of followers through their behaviors and traits. Identify and describe the specific behaviors as well as the leaderââ¬â¢s major traits that prevented people from feeling like part of the ââ¬Å"in groupâ⬠. What were the consequences to employees (e.g., emotions, attitudesRead MoreThe Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Leadership Style That Differentiate Effective Leaders9113 Words à |à 37 PagesThe purpose of this quantitative correlation study is to examine the degree and extent of a relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership style that differentiate effective leaders. A brief review of the literature was conducted using the following resources, Northcentral University Library (NCU Roadrunner), Google Scholar, Galileo, and ProQuest. Several searches included peer-reviewed publications and academic journals such as the International Journal of Business Management, Journal
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
A devil, a born devil, on whose nature nurture can never stick Essay Example For Students
A devil, a born devil, on whose nature nurture can never stick Essay Furthermore, varying definitions can co-exist: an individual might argue that it is perfectly reasonable to falsify a tax return, but would define burglary as a crime. Differential association theory argues that all behaviour is learned and that learning is through association with other individuals, within close social groups. Furthermore, differential association theory posits that learning includes techniques for executing particular crimes and the motivations and attitudes that are conducive to criminal behaviour. These attitudes and so on are learned from the individuals perception of the law (either favourable or unfavourable). An individual will display criminal behaviour if their definitions of law violation are more favourable than their definitions for non-violation. The learning experiences differential association will vary in frequency, intensity and importance according to the individual. It can also be argued, that the process for learning criminal behaviour is no different to any other kind of learning. Despite various attempts at empirical validation there are problems with the theory in its original form. These problems include difficulties with the term definition, and a lack of detail as to why, given similar conditions, some individuals adopt criminal definitions while others do not. Sutherland and Cressey (1974) respond to the criticisms in two ways: the first is to dispel the misconception that criminal behaviour is only learned through association with criminals; the second is to point out that inadequacies within the theory, such as the role of individual differences, define areas for further research rather than refuting it. Indeed, in the time since the formulation of differential association theory great advances have been made in the study of social learning. Theories of crime will be determined, to a greater or lesser degree, by the discipline of the theorist concerned. Thus psychologists draw upon psychological concepts to explain and understand crime, economists upon economic concepts, sociologists upon sociological concepts, and so on. However, this is not to say that all psychologists will agree in their explanations: the concepts a theorist adopts as important will be determined by their particular theoretical stance within their own discipline. Therefore, within the discipline of psychology there are theories of crime which emphasize biological determinism and draw on concepts such as behavioural genetics and psychodynamic theory. Other theories stress the importance of social and environmental influences on the individual: the effects of parenting styles and peer pressure. In some respects the explanations may share common elements; in other instances they stand diametrically opposed. In conclusion, when one is seeking to explain the extent to which biology determines criminality it is clear that this explanation can not be applied in isolation. Humans are social as well as biological beings and any attempt to explain human behaviour (no matter what behaviour is displayed) must surely take into account the effects of social and environmental influences on the individual. There is no evidence to suggest genetic factors alone account for individual differences. Perhaps future research should be directed towards determining to what extent heritability directly or indirectly affects an individuals predisposition to crime. Word count: 2388 REFERENCES Bandura, A.(1974) Behaviour theory and the models of man. American Psychologist, 29: 859-869 Bandura, A. (1977) Social Learning, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Bandura, A. (1989) Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44, 1175-1184 Blackburn, R. (1993) The Psychology of Criminal Conduct. Chichester: Wiley Sons Ltd. Bohman, M. , Cloninger, C. R. , Sigvardsson, S. , Von Knorring, A. (1982) Predisposition to petty crime in Swedish adoptees: 1. Genetic and environmental heterogeneity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39: 1233-1241 Cadoret, R. .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 , .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 .postImageUrl , .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 , .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03:hover , .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03:visited , .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03:active { border:0!important; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03:active , .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03 .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7057cb78fe0ada15e8d66b2bf5fa3e03:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cyclical nature of the play EssayJ. (1978) Psychopathology in adopted-away offspring of biologic parents with anti-social behaviour. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35:176-184 Gabrielli, W. F. , Mednick, S. A. (1980) Sinistrality and delinqueny. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89: 645-661 Jarvick, L. F. , Klodin, V. , Matsuyama, S. S. (1973) Human aggression and the extra Y chromosome: fact or fantasy? American Psychologist, 28: 674-682 Jewkes, Y. , Letherby, G. (2000) Criminology: a reader. London:Sage Lange, J. S. (1931) Crime as Destiny. London: Allen Unwin Owen, D. R. (1972) The XYY male: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 16: 74-89 Osbourn, S. G. , West, D. J. (1979) Conviction records of fathers and sons compared. British Journal of Criminology, 19:120-33 Paicheler, G. (1988) Psychology of Social Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Raine, J. W. (1993) Managing Criminal Justice. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf Sternberg, R. J. (1995) In Search of the Human Mind. Fort Worth: Brace College Publishers Sutherland, E. H. (1939) The Professional Thief (Phoenix Books) Chicago: University of Chicago Press Sutherland, E. H., Cressey, D. R. (1970) Criminology (eighth edition) Philadelphia: J. B. Lippencott Company Witkin, H. A. , Mednick, S. A. , Schulsinger, F. , Bakkestrom, E. , Christiansen, K. O. , Goodenough, D. , Hirshhorn, K. , Lundsteen, C. , Owen, D. R. , Philip, J. , Rubin, D. B. , Stocking, M. M. (1976) Criminality in XYY and XXY men Science, 193; 547-555 Young, J. (1971a) The role of the police of amplifiers of deviance, negotiators of reality and translations of fantasy. In Cohen, S. (Ed) Images of Deviance. Harmonsworth: Penguin Young, J. The Drug takers. London: Paladin
Sunday, April 12, 2020
Road to Serfdom free essay sample
Hayek has written one of the most important books of our generation. It restates for our time the issue between liberty and authority. It is an arresting call to all well-intentioned planners and socialists, to all those who are sincere democrats and liberals at heart, to stop, look and listen. ââ¬â¢ The author is an internationally known economist. An Austrian by birth, he was director of the Austrian Institute for Economic Research and lecturer in economics at the University of Vienna during the years of the rise of fascism in Central Europe.He has lived in England since 1931 when he became Professor of Economic Science at the University of London, and is now a British citizen. Professor Hayek, with great power and rigour of reasoning, sounds a grim warning to Americans and Britons who look to the government to provide the way out of all our economic dif? culties. He demonstrates that fascism and what the Germans correctly call National Socialism are the inevitable results of the increasing growth of state control and state power, of national ââ¬Ëplanningââ¬â¢ and of socialism. We will write a custom essay sample on Road to Serfdom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is essential that we should re-learn frankly to face the fact that freedom can be had only at a price and that as individuals we must be prepared to make severe material sacri? ces to preserve it. 68 69 the road to serfdom We must regain the conviction on which liberty in the AngloSaxon countries has been based and which Benjamin Franklin expressed in a phrase applicable to us as individuals no less than as nations: ââ¬ËThose who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. Toward a better world To build a better world, we must have the courage to make a new start. We must clear away the obstacles with which human folly has recently encumbered our path and release the creative energy of individuals. We must create conditions favourable to progress rather than ââ¬Ëplanning progressââ¬â¢. It is not those who cry for more ââ¬Ëplanningââ¬â¢ who show the necessary courage, nor those who preach a ââ¬ËNew Orderââ¬â¢, which is no more than a continuation of the tendencies of the past 40 years, and who can think of nothing better than to imitate Hitler.
Tuesday, March 10, 2020
Gandhi IVF Summary Essays - Ascetics, Gujarati People, Free Essays
Gandhi IVF Summary Essays - Ascetics, Gujarati People, Free Essays Daniel Kang Ms. Menard Honors English 8 26 March 2014 Gandhi IVF Summary Gandhis Non Cooperation inspired many Indians on August 12, 1920. If the British Ministers and the British nation do not fulfill the pledges given to them and do not wish to regard with respect the sentiments of the 70 millions of the inhabitants of India who profess the faith of Islam, it will be impossible for them to retain Islamic loyalty (Gandhi 327). Gandhi reiterates this statement by not cooperating with the British government and giving the British a hard time. I have been told that non-cooperation is unconstitutional. I venture to deny that it is unconstitutional. On the contrary, I hold that non-cooperation is a just and religious doctrine; it is the inherent right of every human being and it is perfectly constitutional (Gandhi 329). Gandhi rightfully exercises this right in rebelling against the British government. I tell you that whilst my friend believes also in the doctrine of violence and has adopted the doctrine of non-violence as a weapon of the weak, I believe in t he doctrine of non-violence as a weapon of the strongest (Gandhi 330). Gandhi recommends non-violence as a great weapon that mighty Indians would use against the government. I am not anti-English; I am not anti-British; I am not anti any Government; but I am anti-untruth, anti-humbug, and anti-injustice. So long as the Government spells injustice, it may regard me as its enemy, implacable enemy (Gandhi 332). Gandhi acknowledges that he does not hate the government. He firmly says that he is not willing to cooperate with untruthful and injustice people.
Sunday, February 23, 2020
Why was there widespread innovation in Britain in the 18th century Essay
Why was there widespread innovation in Britain in the 18th century - Essay Example First, there were natural reasons like richness in the natural resources. Secondly, changes in the kingdom, power and autonomy also made the environment more favorable for innovation and creativity in the Britain. The two aspects are discussed below: Natural and political reasons favoring innovation in 18th century Britain: Britain saw such a large industrial revolution because she was rich in three commodities in particular which were iron, coal and water. Britain was able to use the water in her mountainous districts in order to drive the mills that were very important in the initial period of industrialization. ââ¬Å"..the rivers, amplified from 1761 by a developing network of canals, facilitate inland transport in an age where roads are only rough tracksâ⬠(History World 1). Also, Britain was equipped with such a wonderful access to sea that goods could be transported through sea between the coastal areas without any inconvenience. Britain was able to make full use of its i ron ores because of the technological advancements made particularly by the Darby family in the 18th century. In the later half of the 18th century, Britain was equipped with the steam power with the hard work of Boulton and Watt. ââ¬Å"The first Boulton and Watt engine was completed in 1776â⬠(Weissenbache 202). Because of the discovery of steam power, the wide spread resources of coal gained extreme importance in Britain. The 1688 revolution resulted in immense changes that paved way for the contributions of Matthew Boulton and Abraham Darby on the political side of the story. There was a considerable decline in the royal power in Britain after 1688. As a result of this, middle class gained strength and surfaced in Britain very rapidly and forcefully. The middle class was eager to gain more money and power, and therefore, resolved to achieve the strength through inventions, innovation and enhancement in the mechanical side. One evidence of rise in the strength of middle clas s is Richard Arkwright, who came from a very poor background and gained a lot of wealth through his contributions in the innovation in Britain. In addition to the innovation supportive circumstances happening within Britain, Britain also facilitated the process by involving other countries in it and supporting them in any way she could. Britain offered the budding businessmen and entrepreneurs a very big and rich market to dwell in. Fortunately, England removed differences with Scotland and united with Scotland in 1707. Their internal tariff barriers were removed and the trade was promoted. American colonies were provided by Britain with frequent opportunities of trade. Later, Britain opened trade with India on a large scale. Industrial revolution in Britain was facilitated largely by increased control of Britain over the seas in the same century. ââ¬Å"Much of the profitable carrying trade in the world's commerce can be secured for British merchant vesselsâ⬠(History World 1) . Although there were large resources of iron in Britain, it could not use it to the full capacity because iron required charcoal in huge quantities in order to be smelted. Charcoal was very costly for Britain and she had to look out for other means of smelting iron so as to make the process more profitable and cost effective. It continued to be like this until 1709, when Abraham Darby discovered that charcoal can be replaced by coke in order to smelt the pig iron (Dickinson 131). Since then, coke has been used to smelt iron. It was cost-effective and fulfilled the purpose. This way, Britainââ¬â¢
Friday, February 7, 2020
Retail Sales and Personal Income Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Retail Sales and Personal Income - Essay Example Personal income does not usually rise fast enough to absorb increases in interest rates. This is more likely to be an issue for people whose budgets are already stretched, since people with lower credit scores or worse ratios of income to expense are more likely to have to resort to variable rate loans in order to qualify for the credit they want, and these are the very loan payments which will rise with interest rates, forcing these consumers to make compensatory budget adjustments.à The U.S. retail sales forecast from the National Retail Federation for calendar 2006 is 4.7% (NRF Forecasts 4.7% Growth for 2006 Retail Sales, 2006), more bullish than the Bloomsberg survey forecast of 3.4% for the same period (Leading U.S. Indicators Index Points to Slower Growth, 2006). Both forecasts exclude automobile sales, which has contributed to much of the recent volatility of the consumer spending and retail sales figures on a quarterly basis. The NRF press release acknowledges that pressure s facing consumers include rising interest rates and diminishing sources of ââ¬Å"spending power,â⬠by which they mean that as the housing market cools, home equity will not be able to sustain as much spending as it did in the past.For 2005, the NRF forecast for retail sales was 5.6%, while the actual retail sales growth for 2005 was 6.1% (NRF Forecasts 4.7% Growth for 2006 Retail Sales, 2006).à Bloombergââ¬â¢s consensus forecast for the second half of 2005 was 6.9% (U.S. Economy Expanded at a 4.1% Annual Pace in Third Quarter.
Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Why I Selected a Career Path as a Special Education Teacher Essay Example for Free
Why I Selected a Career Path as a Special Education Teacher Essay A career in special education offers challenges and rewards, and plenty of opportunities for those interested in the field. Special education teachers have a wide range of choices which determine the specifics of their tasks. They have the choice of working with children of any age, from infancy through high school graduation, for instance. They might choose to work with physically challenged children, or they might choose to focus on children who are mentally or developmentally challenged. Special education teachers help children grow socially and emotionally as well as intellectually. They attend to the special needs of challenged children, and teach their students basic life skills suitable to their level of development and learning capability. Special education teachers require a special set of interpersonal skills. They must be patient, organized, motivating, positive, passionate, flexible, tolerant and compassionate. They must respect, even celebrate, differences among people. They must be assertive and resourceful enough to obtain the services their students need. They should be good at analyzing situations and solving problems, and they should have strong leadership qualities and a good sense of humor. As a special education teacher, I believe that it is of the utmost importance for our society to value and provide for those less capable, especially disabled children. I also believe that as an educator, I should provide a positive example from which others can follow and learn. Therefore, I will provide a small scale societal model in my classroom. If others observe that disabled children are capable and desirous of learning, they will have less fear of including and incorporating them into society on an everyday basis. In return, productive and happier people will reward our society. Through providing accommodations, resources and the means for disabled people to participate, fewer handicaps will develop which hinder both the disabled and society in general. Teaching is my passion, and I pursue it with a great deal of energy. I continuously look for ways to improve my teaching, through innovative materials and processes. I always ask my students for suggestions on how to improve the class, and every semester, I incorporate some of their suggestions. I want the students to view their learning experience in my class as something different, something that holds their interest and helps them to learn. I want them to look forward to the class, to come to class ready to learn.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Christmas, Retailers, And The Santa Claus Conspiracy :: essays research papers
Christmas, Retailers, and the Santa Claus Conspiracy Well it looks like it's that time of year again, when colourful lights are hung on trees, families spend time together, and retailers swim naked through their money. You guessed it, I'm talking about Christmas, one of the many holidays that have lost their meaning to commercialization. Forget the memory of Jesus Christ, now's the time to pay homage to the almighty buck. Nowadays when someone thinks of Christmas or Easter the idea of Christianity is one of the last to come into their mind (although I don't think it could have been made much easier -- "Christ"ianity, "Christ"mas -- what kind of minds are we dealing with?). It's far more likely that their first thoughts will be about buying the perfect gifts, having the most eye-damaging house decorations on the block, or having a hairy old fat man in red underwear arrested for putting their child on his lap and whispering to them to tell him what they "really" want (strangely enough there are some parents out there who actually pay money each year to have this abuse inflicted upon their children). The whole idea of Santa Claus is one of the scariest I've come across and yet we embrace it. The entire story sounds like something you should threaten your kid with if he doesn't want to eat his veggies. As I understand it he's supposed to be a fat man wearing red underwear who is capable of sliding down your chimney unharmed in order to quietly slip into your house while you're sleeping. If he really existed I'd be sitting up with a loaded shotgun every Christmas Eve, not dreaming of gifts while this lunatic could be slicing the throats of everyone in my house! And to add to the horror he is said to use "elves" to manufacture "toys" in a little "workshop" in the North Pole. This entire elf story sounds like a softening cover-up fed to us as propaganda. The truth of the matter is there's a Mafia hitman out there named Santa the Claw who runs a sweatshop using illegal child labour to manufacture products in a remote location where he can't be easily apprehended; or so that's what my skills of deductive reasoning tell me. So why the cover-up? Simple. The retailers, businessmen, and all the other bad people are all in on it since they realized long ago the amount of money they could make by marketing the "Santa Claus" idea. So like everything about the holiday, it reverts to money.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Middlemarch Comment Essay
George Elliot wrote Middlemarch in the year 1871. Middlemarch is the town where the novel takes place. George Elliotââ¬â¢s incentive for having started writing was to create a new, different kind of writing which distanced itself to the melodramatic novels which female authors were writing at the time. Middlemarch is a novel about a character called Dorothea, who is an inhabitant of the town and stands out for her striking beauty and surrealistic views on life. The author first described Dorotheaââ¬â¢s character and then conveyed her attitude towards Dorothea through the use of literary techniques. She used the town of Middlemarch as the background of the plot to help portray Dorotheaââ¬â¢s life path. Dorothea (otherwise known as Miss Brooke) is immediately portrayed as the main character that had striking beauty, which was ââ¬Å"thrown into relief by a poor dress.â⬠Her figure was very feminine; from her hands, wrists, to her stature and profile create a delicate feminine figure. This property she has separates her from the average towns person. Dorothea is an exceptional woman: she is smart, pious, and beautiful, and the governing principle of her character is her desire to help the needy. She is also quite intelligent. However, despite all of Dorotheaââ¬â¢s good properties she is always viewed in comparison with her sister Celia. Celiaââ¬â¢s wit and ââ¬Å"common senseâ⬠seemed more normal than Dorotheaââ¬â¢s. Hence people were often suspicious of Dorothea. This is also due to the fact that Dorotheaââ¬â¢s strong willed personality leads her to diverge from the common ideas of marriage that others have tried to inflict on her, such as marrying an older man. Dorothea is clearly an independent woman that seeks a man with strong values. She does not want a marriage with ââ¬Å"good looks, vanity, and merely canine affection.â⬠What Dorothea wants is a marriage with substance and love. Dorothea is always trying to help others in her town and wherever she goes. Her presence is described as her big brown eyes in comparison with her simpler sister. George Eliotââ¬â¢s perception in the novel is conveyed from the point of view of a woman writing about a woman. George Eliot clearly prefers the character of Dorothea describing her as a much more beautiful, intelligent and all round good person in the book as opposed to her sister. He uses compound sentences within the structure to convey this. Eliot doesnââ¬â¢t fail to use this technique to portray the elaborate Dorothea. The author highlights Dorotheaââ¬â¢s unwillingness to compromise with the world through humor, and in doing so reveals Dorotheaââ¬â¢s naivety. This can be understood when Eliot writes ââ¬Å"riding was an indulgence which she allowed herself in spite of conscientious qualms,â⬠Which was started to stress Dorotheaââ¬â¢s unconventional methods and attitude to a simpler minded individual. Even though Dorothea is the main character in the novel, Eliot seems to be very interested in her fate whilst she makes fun of her character and the rest of the world. It seems as if Eliot is also trying to persuade the readers of the book to be fond of Dorothea. This turns out to be successful, even though she is a dull character, Dorothea compensates for her lack in ingenuity thanks to her fellow residents of Middlemarch and her ability to overlook the ordinary and her authenticity, when she is her greatest enemy. This gives readers a positive reflective view of Dorotheaââ¬â¢s character. Middlemarch is a small town that has been chosen for the main setting of the novel (hence the title). Middlemarch is a fairly typical story, which consists of a character in a small town that creates a plot out of a young womanââ¬â¢s life, and not following a character around throughout the book. Middlemarch is a small town, which is strikingly similar to the town where Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen takes place. The two novels have similar properties as well, in terms of marriage. In the end it seems that Middlemarch took points and values out of the novel Pride and Prejudice as it was written afterwards. Due to the kinds of mentality these small towns in the 19th century hold in novels, we can see that Dorothea will most likely choose the wrong husband. However, the realization of her mistake in marring the man she chose would allow her to mature and become more sensible, and with her new point of view she will be able to lead her life in a more mature manner. In conclusion, we can see that George Eliotââ¬â¢s main focus in the novel Middlemarch is to portray women in context of a rural society, and their views on marriage. She uses marriage to show womanââ¬â¢s position in society during that century in such a small rural town. Dorothea is a exceptionally beautiful woman which has ââ¬Å"childlike ideas about marriageâ⬠and is the main focus of the story which contrasts from her sister. This also shows what would happen when a woman in that century had different views on a topic such as marriage. This passage from Middlemarch, which was previously compared to Pride and Prejudice, confronts the way society reacts towards Dorothea and portrays the themes of marriage and feminism, in both cases from a female point of view
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Is The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel - 1456 Words
Ashley Noack M. Chau-Lee English 3H 11/ 13/14 Is The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel? A feminist is defined in the British Dictionary as a person who advocates equal rights for women. However incredulous it may sound, women had to fight for rights for equality in things such as politics, economics, and their personal affairs. If the revolutionary feminist concepts were surfacing in the time of Nathaniel Hawthorne, circa 1850, then how was it that he was inspired to write Hesterââ¬â¢s character? However,one consideration may be that it was written unintentionally with a feministic tone. This novel stands for the main ideas that gave feminism its momentum: gender equality and love for oneself as a woman. Hawthorne displays Hester as a free woman in the ending of the book, and also deems her and Dimmesdale as equals by having them receive identical markers on their tombstones. The Scarlet Letter epitomizes the strength of women while also providing as an indicator for early feminism, as itââ¬â¢s profound perceptions were not something yet established in this earli er time period. The Scarlet Letter is indubitably a feminist piece of literature.The three main characters work off of one another; Hester is strong while Dimmesdale is feeble and Chillingworth is corrupt; She effortlessly conquers her sin and continues with her new life, while Dimmesdale cannot admit his sins, and Chillingworth seeks revenge on Dimmesdale. The women in the novel were strictly bound to a certain spectrum inShow MoreRelatedIs The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel?1659 Words à |à 7 PagesIs The Scarlet Letter a Feminist Novel? Women all have something in common: they have all encountered a form of gender-based discrimination. Some women in countries have experienced harsher segregations than others. For instance, women in Pakistan have experienced severe discrimination a prohibition of education. One woman who is well known for being an activist for the education of women is Malala Yousafzai. Malala is a woman who has inspired many oppressed others to fight for their education.Read MoreIs the Scarlet Letter a Proto Feminist Novel1510 Words à |à 7 Pages21, 2012 Is The Scarlet Letter a Proto Feminist Novel? ââ¬Å"Is The Scarlet Letter a Proto Feminist Novel?â⬠The Scarlet Letter is a very well-known novel, between the scandals and lies. It starts off with a woman named Hester Prynne. Hester decides to leave her husband behind to migrate to Boston. A couple years later, Hester gives birth to a baby girl named Pearl in prison. Hester refused to reveal the father of Pearl. The town then forces Hester to wear a scarlet letter A upon her dressRead MoreScarlet Letter Feminist Novel Essay769 Words à |à 4 PagesIs The Scarlet Letter a feminist novel? 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The scarlet letter is a feminist nov el because of the strength that Hester has as a women throughout the bookRead MoreHester As A Strong Female Character And The Scarlet Letter1572 Words à |à 7 Pagesand The Scarlet Letter as a Feminist Novel In The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a question arises: Is The Scarlet Letter a feminist novel? First, what is feminism? Feminism is ââ¬Å"the advocacy of womenââ¬â¢s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to menâ⬠. Feminism is really about a womanââ¬â¢s strength since the act of feminism causes a woman to go against traditional views and be ridiculed for that. What does feminism have to do with The Scarlet Letter? HawthorneRead MoreHow Is Hester Prynne A Feminist Novel989 Words à |à 4 PagesAmerican Literatureââ¬â¢s first feminist character A trend was started by the novel, The Scarlet Letter. Nathaniel Hawthorne took a path with the character Hester Prynne that took many by surprise. Hester Prynne from the acclaimed novel, The Scarlet Letter, is one of American Literatureââ¬â¢s first and influential feminist characters that shows superiority while being fearless and having an influence on modern literature and culture. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is accused of adulteryRead MoreFeminism In The Scarlet Letter Essay1313 Words à |à 6 Pagesinterestsâ⬠(Merriam-Webster). The way feminism is related into literature is similar to that of society. Feminist literature discusses how a female character or some part of the fictional world is being hurt or deprived of a certain right that women deserve. In such a way, readers and authors alike are able to dispute whether classic literary reads are feminist literature, such as The Scarlet Letter. Author Nathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s writing did not portray a new right being made for women in society dueRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1641 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Scarlet Letter is a story about a woman, Hester Prynne, who painfully lived her life in shame because of the adultery she committed in a1840s American colony. The way she and the other characters conducted themselves after the reveal of Hesterââ¬â¢s baby all show a deeper meaning into what kind of person each character was, which can be interpreted in many ways. The story was written by a man named Nathaniel Hawthorne, only about a decade after his story took place, which meant that society in hisRead MoreHester Prynnes Development Of Women In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1204 Words à |à 5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s,The Scarlet Letter, conveys Hester Prynneââ¬â¢s struggles against the oppressive Puritan society of the 1630s, which leads to the illumination of her progressive feminist views. Hesterââ¬â¢s sin of adultery leaves her shunned from her pious New England community, but the extreme consequences that she encounters highlight the notion that she recognizes women as possessing equal capabilities and strengths as men. Hester evinces feminism throughout Hawthorneââ¬â¢s novel, without ever truly mentioningRead MoreFeminism in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay551 Words à |à 3 PagesWritten in 1 850, The Scarlet Letter stood as a very progressive book. With new ideas about women, main charactersââ¬â¢ stories intertwined, and many different themes, The Scarlet Letter remains today as a extremely popular novel about 17th century Boston, Massachusetts. Not only was the 19th century a time for the abolition of slavery movement but it was also the beginning of the first wave of feminism. Women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott catalyzed the womenââ¬â¢s
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